The History of Shortbread

A buttery, crumbly biscuit adored by many, shortbread has a history that dates back centuries. Its origins can be traced to 12th-century Scotland, where it evolved from a medieval bread-like cake called "biscuit bread." Initially, the recipe was a simple mix of flour, butter, and yeast. It wasn’t until the 16th century, during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots, that shortbread began to take the form we here at 100 Princes Street love today.

Mary is often credited with popularising shortbread, particularly a version called "petticoat tails." This version, a rich, crisp biscuit, was shaped into wedges and baked on a sheet of parchment paper. At this time, sugar was an expensive luxury, so the dough relied heavily on butter, giving the biscuit its distinctive flavour. Over time, as sugar became more accessible, it was incorporated into the recipe, enhancing the sweetness of the treat.

Afternoon tea in The Wallace with a view of Edinburgh Castle

The name "shortbread" was coined in reference to the crumbly texture created by the high butter content. This "shortness" of the dough makes it melt in your mouth. As Scotland’s culinary traditions spread, shortbread became a staple at special occasions, especially during Christmas and New Year celebrations. Its association with these holidays continues today.

By the 19th century, shortbread gained widespread recognition, with recipes varying regionally across Scotland. Large-scale production began in the 1800s with the establishment of Walker's Shortbread, a company that still enjoys a great deal of popularity today. Whether homemade or shop-bought, shortbread has remained a comforting symbol of Scottish heritage, its simple yet delicious combination of ingredients making it a favourite treat for generations.

Next time you’re in Edinburgh, be sure to visit us here at 100 Princes Street, where we honour our roots with an utterly delicious Millionaire Shortbread Tart that can be found on the menu of The Wallace. You won’t regret the decision to savour a slice of history.